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Working Principle of Fixed Throttle Valve
Release Date:
2025-07-31
The fixed throttle valve controls flow and pressure through a simple physical flow restriction structure. It is highly reliable but has limited adaptability and must be selected based on system stability requirements.
A fixed throttle valve is a valve that controls fluid flow and pressure by generating constant resistance through a fixed throttling section. Its core principle is as follows:
Working Principle
Throttling Section Restricts Flow
The valve is internally designed with a fixed-size throttling orifice (such as needle-shaped, groove-shaped, or conical channels). When fluid passes through, the flow cross-section suddenly contracts, creating local resistance. The fluid is forced to pass at high speed through the narrow area, increasing kinetic energy and reducing pressure, achieving pressure difference generation and flow control.
Flow-Pressure Difference Relationship
According to fluid mechanics principles, the flow rate is proportional to the square root of the pressure difference before and after the throttling orifice. When the inlet pressure is stable, the fixed throttling orifice size determines the flow range; if the flow changes, the pressure difference automatically adjusts to maintain the throttling effect.
Energy Conversion and Buffering
When high-pressure fluid flows through the throttling orifice, part of the pressure energy is converted into heat energy and dissipated. At the same time, the sudden change in flow velocity can reduce fluid impact, stabilizing system pressure and absorbing pressure pulsations.
Structural Features
Fixed Opening and Closing Components: The valve core is a non-adjustable conical streamlined orifice plate structure, ensuring a constant throttling section.
No Feedback Mechanism: Because it lacks automatic compensation for load changes, it is only suitable for scenarios with stable loads or low speed control requirements.
Typical Applications
Hydraulic Systems: Used with relief valves to form throttling speed control circuits (inlet line, return line, or bypass speed control).
Pressure Buffering: Installed in pipelines to reduce medium pressure, preventing water hammer or impact damage to equipment.
Flow Distribution: Achieves balanced flow distribution among multiple branches in oil and gas transportation.
Process Diagram:
High-pressure fluid → Fixed throttling orifice → Cross-section contraction → Flow speed ↑ Pressure ↓ → Stable outlet flow / low-pressure fluid
(Pressure difference ΔP = P₁ - P₂, Flow Q ∝ √ΔP)
The fixed throttle valve controls flow and pressure through a simple physical flow restriction structure. It is highly reliable but has limited adaptability and should be selected according to system stability requirements.
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